Is temporary marriage justified? Inside debate over Islam's Nikah Mutah's impact on women

New Delhi: Religious customs and beliefs vary widely, but some practices face criticism for perpetuating gender inequality. One such practice, known as Nikah Mutah, has sparked widespread debate within Muslim communities. Often referred to as a "temporary marriage," this custom has faced backlash, with Muslim women calling for a ban.

What is Nikah Mutah?

Nikah Mutah, meaning “temporary marriage,” binds a man and a woman in a contractual marriage for a limited time. The term Mutah itself translates to pleasure, benefit, or enjoyment, raising questions about the true intention behind a sacred relationship like marriage. According to reports, Nikah Mutah originated centuries ago, allowing men to marry temporarily while traveling long distances. Though prohibited among Sunni Muslims, it remains a permitted practice among Shia Muslims.

A 2013 report conducted interviews with young British Muslims engaged in Nikah Mutah. Senior scholars and youth groups noted that some young Shia Muslims see it as an opportunity to get acquainted with potential partners before permanent marriage. However, critics argue that it functions as a way to engage in physical relationships under the guise of marriage, with some even likening it to prostitution.

Rules and Conditions Surrounding Nikah Mutah

The practice has specific rules. Both parties must be over 15, and they must consent to the contract. The Nikahnama or marriage agreement should define the period and dowry. Children from Nikah Mutah marriages hold legitimate rights to inheritance, although the Mutah wife has no legal claim for maintenance, nor is divorce recognized.

A Practice that Impacts Women’s Rights

Once the term of Nikah Mutah ends, a woman must observe Iddat, a period of four months and ten days where she must live in seclusion before becoming eligible to remarry. Critics argue that this practice strips women of their rights and autonomy, leaving them vulnerable.